Comments:KW 447, ОСНЯ 1, 255-256 (Turk.-Mong.); АПиПЯЯ 289, МССНЯ 333. Despite Щербак 1997, 167, there is hardly a reason to regard Mong. as a loan from Turkic.
Comments:Владимирцов 247, PKE 136-137. Despite Doerfer MT 96 and Щербак 1997, 120, the word seems to be inherited (loans Turk. > Mong. and Mong. > Tung. are not easily explained phonetically). The stem appears to be an old derivative with the suffix *-rga, but the deriving root is hard to find. Poppe 1972, 96 cites Evk. oku- 'to catch a bird with a snare' which we were unable to locate; there exists, however, Manchu oχolǯon, oχolǯi 'snare, loop' (ТМС 2, 10) which is likely to contain the same root. The relationship to the synonymous *p`ŭrVk`V 'rope, lasso' q. v. remains unclear; the two stems are clearly distinguished in several subgroups, but (due to the development *p`- > h-, 0-) are easily confused. The Mong. form *uɣurga is interesting: it is exactly parallel to Turkic *ukruk and shows the same cluster development (*-kr- > -ɣ(V)r-) as *bŭkrV ( > buɣur-čak) and *č`ik`-rV ( > čiɣire) q. v.
Comments:SKE 174 (Mong.-Kor.; but the TM parallel drawn by Ramstedt and repeated in Doerfer MT 25 - Evk. ogonī - cannot belong here, being a reflex of PTM *xoba-nī, see ТМС 2,6), АПиПЯЯ 297. -g- in Mong. must be explained by assimilation.
Comments:A Western isogloss. Despite Щербак 1997, 161, Mong. cannot be < Turkic (final -a stays unexplained). The Turkic form, because of a merger of *p`- and *0-, can also reflect PA *p`ŭ́li q. v.
Comments:So far there are no certain Altaic parallels discovered: cf. perhaps -ül in Turk. *degül, see *tagi. A Nostratic etymology see in ОСНЯ 1, 17, 263-264.
Comments:Poppe AU 115 (Turk.-Mong., although Turk. *uĺak is not separated from *ub-ĺak 'small' - which is the reason for Doerfer's objections in TMN 2, 63).
Comments:The Mong. form may also be borrowed < Turk., see Щербак 1997, 166. Cf., on the other hand, Mong. omuɣ 'kin, clan' (which, however, may be a modification of the other attested form, Mong. obuɣ = Turk. *ōpa, under the influence of the present root; Mong. > Yak., Dolg. omuk, see Stachowski 193 ).
Comments:A Western isogloss. The stem may be derived from Common Altaic *úmu 'to bear, give birth' q. v., see АПиПЯЯ 58, 281, Дыбо 10, Лексика 149. The Turkic form, however, must have also been influenced by PA *nā̀mo 'testicle' (and/or *ǯi̯ŏmu `round'), which explains initial *j-.
Comments:Poppe 69, KW 457, АПиПЯЯ 45, 285, 290. Korean has a frequent initial vowel loss. Despite Doerfer MT 40, Rozycki 168, the Mong. form (attested already in the Secret History) cannot be a tungusism.
